1. Adrenal axis:

• Morning cortisol
• DHEA (or DHEA-S, which is preferred if the goal is to assess more stable adrenal androgens)

2. Pituitary-gonadal axis:

• Prolactin
• FSH
• LH

3. Female hormones:

• Estradiol
• Progesterone
• AMH

4. Male hormones and androgens:

• Total Testosterone
• Free Testosterone
• SHBG

5. Growth axis:

• IGF-1

• Assistance in evaluating menstrual disorders: FSH, LH, Estradiol, Progesterone, Prolactin, and AMH help clinicians identify the underlying causes of menstrual irregularities—such as amenorrhea, infrequent menstruation, or irregular ovulation—or assess hormonal changes across reproductive stages.
• Assistance in evaluating ovarian reserve: AMH reflects the relative follicular reserve and is commonly used in fertility counseling, infertility assessments, or preparation for assisted reproductive technology; results must be interpreted in conjunction with age, Antral Follicle Count (AFC) via ultrasound, and the clinical context.
• Assistance in evaluating the luteal phase and ovulation: Progesterone levels can confirm ovulation when measured during the mid-luteal phase, typically around seven days prior to the expected onset of menstruation.
• Assistance in evaluating perimenopause/menopause: FSH, LH, and Estradiol levels help indicate declining ovarian function when considered alongside clinical symptoms and age.
• Assistance in evaluating androgen status in men: Total Testosterone, Free Testosterone, and SHBG help clinicians assess androgen levels in the presence of symptoms such as reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, loss of morning erections, fatigue, decreased muscle mass, or reduced bone density.

• Assistance in androgen assessment in women: Testing for Testosterone, SHBG, and DHEA/DHEA-S may be considered in cases of hirsutism, acne, androgenic alopecia, menstrual irregularities, or suspected polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
• Assistance in Prolactin assessment: Prolactin testing helps evaluate conditions such as galactorrhea, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, reduced libido, sexual dysfunction, or suspected pituitary disorders.
• Assistance in adrenal axis assessment: Morning cortisol and DHEA/DHEA-S levels can help clinicians assess adrenal function in appropriate clinical scenarios; however, they are insufficient for a definitive diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency or Cushing’s syndrome without specialized dynamic testing.
• Assistance in growth hormone axis assessment: IGF-1 serves as an indirect marker of growth hormone activity and is typically used when GH excess or deficiency is suspected based on clinical indications, rather than as a routine “anti-aging” screening test.
• Assistance in monitoring hormone therapy: These tests can provide baseline data or be used to monitor specific hormone treatments; however, monitoring must be personalized based on the specific hormone, treatment goals, symptoms, risk factors, and physician guidance.

• Women experiencing menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea, infrequent periods, or menorrhagia, or those with suspected ovulation disorders or hormonal imbalances.
• Women planning a pregnancy or fertility treatment, or those requiring an assessment of ovarian reserve.
• Perimenopausal or menopausal women experiencing symptoms such as hot flashes, sleep disturbances, mood swings, or reduced libido, or those requiring a hormonal assessment as advised by a physician.
• Men experiencing reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, a lack of morning erections, persistent fatigue, loss of muscle mass, increased abdominal fat, or suspected testosterone deficiency.

• Individuals experiencing abnormal lactation, headaches, visual disturbances, reduced libido, or menstrual irregularities suspected to be related to prolactin levels.
• Individuals showing signs of androgen excess—such as severe acne, hirsutism, or androgenic alopecia—or suspected of having polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
• Individuals currently undergoing or planning to start hormone therapy (including testosterone therapy or HRT) as prescribed and planned by a physician.
• Individuals suspected of having disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-gonadal axis or the growth axis who require an initial assessment prior to specialist referral.